天津機械加工廠的工件的質量如何
發(fa)布時間:2022-03-14天津機械加工廠(chang)生產(chan)的(de)工件質(zhi)量(liang)如何,精銳特機(ji)械加(jia)工廠(chang)從兩方面為您詳(xiang)解如下:
1.加工精度
零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)質量(liang)是保證(zheng)機械產(chan)品質量(liang)的(de)基礎。聽(ting)見的(de)加(jia)工(gong)質量(liang)包括零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)機械加(jia)工(gong)精度(du)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)表面質量(liang)是兩(liang)大方面。
所(suo)謂(wei)機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度是指(zhi)零件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)后實(shi)際幾何參數(shu)(shu)(尺寸、形狀和表面間的(de)相互位(wei)置)與(yu)理想幾何參數(shu)(shu)的(de)符合(he)程(cheng)度。符合(he)程(cheng)度越(yue)高(gao)(gao),加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度就越(yue)高(gao)(gao)。
零(ling)件(jian)的(de)加工精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)包含三方(fang)面的(de)內容(rong);尺寸精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)、形狀(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)位置精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。
2.原始誤差
機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時,機(ji)(ji)床、夾具(ju)、刀具(ju)和工(gong)(gong)件所構成的(de)一個(ge)完整系(xi)(xi)統(tong),稱(cheng)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)藝系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)誤(wu)差(cha)的(de)產生是由于(yu)在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)前和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程中,工(gong)(gong)藝系(xi)(xi)統(tong)存在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)誤(wu)差(cha)因(yin)素,統(tong)稱(cheng)為(wei)原(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差(cha)。工(gong)(gong)藝系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)原(yuan)始(shi)誤(wu)差(cha)主要包括:
(1)原(yuan)理誤差(cha)(cha):由于采用了近似的(de)成形運動(dong)或(huo)近似的(de)刀刃輪敦而產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)誤差(cha)(cha)。
(2)調整(zheng)誤差:調整(zheng)的作用主要(yao)是使(shi)刀具與工(gong)件之間達到(dao)正確的相對(dui)位置,由于調整(zheng)不可(ke)能(neng)絕(jue)對(dui)準確,因而產生調整(zheng)誤差。工(gong)藝系(xi)統的調整(zheng)有(you)兩種基本方式,即試(shi)切法(fa)和調整(zheng)法(fa)。
(3)裝夾(jia)誤差:為(wei)定位(wei)誤差和夾(jia)緊誤差之和。
(4)測量(liang)(liang)誤差(cha):與(yu)量(liang)(liang)具、量(liang)(liang)儀的測量(liang)(liang)原理、制造精度(du)、測量(liang)(liang)條(tiao)件(溫度(du)、濕(shi)度(du)、清潔(jie)度(du)、振動、測量(liang)(liang)力等)以(yi)及(ji)測量(liang)(liang)技術(shu)水平等有關的誤差(cha)。
(5)夾具(ju)的(de)制造誤(wu)差與摩擦:系指夾具(ju)上定位(wei)元(yuan)件、導向(xiang)元(yuan)件、對(dui)刀元(yuan)件、分度機(ji)構、夾具(ju)體等的(de)加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差,夾具(ju)裝配后(hou)以(yi)上各種元(yuan)件工(gong)作(zuo)面間(jian)的(de)相對(dui)尺寸、位(wei)置(zhi)誤(wu)差、以(yi)及夾具(ju)在使用過程中工(gong)作(zuo)表面的(de)磨損。
(6)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)制造(zao)誤差與摩擦:刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),隨刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)種類不同而(er)不同;采用定(ding)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(如鉆頭(tou)、鉸刀(dao)(dao)、鍵槽銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)、鏜(tang)刀(dao)(dao)塊及圓拉刀(dao)(dao)等(deng))加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時,刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du);采用成(cheng)形(xing)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(如成(cheng)形(xing)車刀(dao)(dao)、成(cheng)形(xing)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)、成(cheng)形(xing)砂輪等(deng))加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時,刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)誤差、安裝誤差將直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du);采用齒(chi)輪滾刀(dao)(dao)、花鍵滾刀(dao)(dao)、插齒(chi)刀(dao)(dao)等(deng)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)展成(cheng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時,刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)切削刃的(de)(de)幾何形(xing)狀(zhuang)及有關尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),也(ye)會(hui)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du);對(dui)(dui)于車刀(dao)(dao)、銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)、鏜(tang)刀(dao)(dao)等(deng)一(yi)般刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju),其制造(zao)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)無直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)、但刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)磨損后,也(ye)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)及形(xing)狀(zhuang)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。
(7)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的制造(zao)(zao):安裝誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)及磨(mo)損機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)是造(zao)(zao)成加工誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)的主要原始誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)因素。機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)主要包括(kuo)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)主軸回轉誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)、導(dao)軌導(dao)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)、內聯系轉動鏈的傳(chuan)動誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)以及主軸、導(dao)軌間的位置(zhi)關系誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)幾個方面。
(8)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)系統受(shou)力變形(xing)(xing),切削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時、由機床、刀具(ju)、夾具(ju)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)組成的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)系統,在(zai)切削力、加(jia)緊力以及重力等的(de)(de)作用下(xia),將產(chan)生相應的(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing),使刀具(ju)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)靜(jing)態下(xia)調整好的(de)(de)相互位置,以及切削成形(xing)(xing)所(suo)需要的(de)(de)正確集合(he)關(guan)系發生變化、面造成加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)誤差。
(9)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)系(xi)統受(shou)熱(re)變形,機械加工(gong)(gong)中,工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)系(xi)統受(shou)到切削熱(re)、摩擦熱(re)、環境(jing)溫度和輻射(she)熱(re)的影響將產生變形,使工(gong)(gong)件和刀具(ju)間(jian)的正確相對(dui)位(wei)置遭(zao)到破壞,造成加工(gong)(gong)誤差。
(10)殘(can)余應(ying)力重新(xin)分布引起的變形(xing)(xing),殘(can)余應(ying)力也稱(cheng)內應(ying)力。在這一過程中(zhong),零件(jian)將會翹曲變形(xing)(xing),原有的加工(gong)精度會逐(zhu)漸喪失。
天津機械加工廠的理念是:精密加工、誠信做人,愿意和您共同發展!!!電話:130-2225-5598